{"users":[{"id":-1,"username":"system","name":"system","avatar_template":"/uploads/default/original/1X/71039c043250733783ef319f70eafcb33c2b52fb.png","admin":true,"moderator":true,"trust_level":4},{"id":20,"username":"Richard_Kroeger","name":"Richard Kroeger","avatar_template":"/user_avatar/forum.openhamprep.com/richard_kroeger/{size}/76_2.png","trust_level":1},{"id":1,"username":"mcdanlj","name":"KZ4LY Michael","avatar_template":"/user_avatar/forum.openhamprep.com/mcdanlj/{size}/7_2.png","admin":true,"moderator":true,"trust_level":2}],"primary_groups":[],"flair_groups":[],"topic_list":{"can_create_topic":false,"more_topics_url":"/c/extra-questions/9?page=1","per_page":30,"top_tags":[],"topics":[{"fancy_title":"About the Extra Questions category","id":14,"title":"About the Extra Questions category","slug":"about-the-extra-questions-category","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2025-12-15T01:17:51.977Z","last_posted_at":"2025-12-15T01:17:51.987Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2025-12-15T01:17:51.977Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":true,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"The official US Amateur Extra class question pool, with explanations. Post your requests for help, additional explanation, or suggestions for changes to explanations by clicking “Reply” at the bottom of any question. \nFo&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":5,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7B08 - Why are switching amplifiers more efficient than linear amplifiers?","id":1362,"title":"E7B08 - Why are switching amplifiers more efficient than linear amplifiers?","slug":"e7b08-why-are-switching-amplifiers-more-efficient-than-linear-amplifiers","posts_count":2,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":2,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:50:47.897Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-24T20:01:37.676Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-24T20:01:37.676Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhy are switching amplifiers more efficient than linear amplifiers? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) Switching amplifiers operate at higher voltages\nB) The switching device is at saturation or cutoff most of the time\nC) Line&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":6,"like_count":1,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"Richard_Kroeger","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":null,"description":"Original Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null},{"extras":"latest","description":"Most Recent Poster","user_id":20,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E8A01 - What technique shows that a square wave is made up of a sine wave and its odd harmonics?","id":405,"title":"E8A01 - What technique shows that a square wave is made up of a sine wave and its odd harmonics?","slug":"e8a01-what-technique-shows-that-a-square-wave-is-made-up-of-a-sine-wave-and-its-odd-harmonics","posts_count":2,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":2,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2025-12-15T18:09:32.570Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-24T19:31:56.475Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-24T19:31:56.475Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat technique shows that a square wave is made up of a sine wave and its odd harmonics? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) Fourier analysis\nB) Vector analysis\nC) Numerical analysis\nD) Differential analysis\n\nCorrect Answer: A \n&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":3,"like_count":1,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"Richard_Kroeger","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":null,"description":"Original Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null},{"extras":"latest","description":"Most Recent Poster","user_id":20,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E2A13 - Which of the following techniques is used by digital satellites to relay messages?","id":1008,"title":"E2A13 - Which of the following techniques is used by digital satellites to relay messages?","slug":"e2a13-which-of-the-following-techniques-is-used-by-digital-satellites-to-relay-messages","posts_count":2,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":2,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2025-12-15T19:00:40.680Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T23:56:54.447Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T23:56:54.447Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhich of the following techniques is used by digital satellites to relay messages? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) Digipeating\nB) Store-and-forward\nC) Multisatellite relaying\nD) Node hopping\n\nCorrect Answer: B \n\nExplanation\n&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":10,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"mcdanlj","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":null,"description":"Original Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null},{"extras":"latest","description":"Most Recent Poster","user_id":1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E6D07 - What is the current that flows in the primary winding of a transformer when there is no load on the secondary winding?","id":1261,"title":"E6D07 - What is the current that flows in the primary winding of a transformer when there is no load on the secondary winding?","slug":"e6d07-what-is-the-current-that-flows-in-the-primary-winding-of-a-transformer-when-there-is-no-load-on-the-secondary-winding","posts_count":2,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":2,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2025-12-31T21:28:22.082Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T23:55:39.466Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T23:55:39.466Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat is the current that flows in the primary winding of a transformer when there is no load on the secondary winding? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) Stabilizing current\nB) Direct current\nC) Excitation current\nD) Magnetizi&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":6,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"mcdanlj","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":null,"description":"Original Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null},{"extras":"latest","description":"Most Recent Poster","user_id":1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7H13 - Which of the following is a technique for providing highly accurate and stable oscillators needed for microwave transmission and reception?","id":1435,"title":"E7H13 - Which of the following is a technique for providing highly accurate and stable oscillators needed for microwave transmission and reception?","slug":"e7h13-which-of-the-following-is-a-technique-for-providing-highly-accurate-and-stable-oscillators-needed-for-microwave-transmission-and-reception","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:19.851Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:19.903Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:19.903Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhich of the following is a technique for providing highly accurate and stable oscillators needed for microwave transmission and reception? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) Use a GPS signal reference\nB) Use a rubidium stabil&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":2,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7H12 - Which of the following ensures that a crystal oscillator operates on the frequency specified by the crystal manufacturer?","id":1434,"title":"E7H12 - Which of the following ensures that a crystal oscillator operates on the frequency specified by the crystal manufacturer?","slug":"e7h12-which-of-the-following-ensures-that-a-crystal-oscillator-operates-on-the-frequency-specified-by-the-crystal-manufacturer","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:19.448Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:19.500Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:19.500Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhich of the following ensures that a crystal oscillator operates on the frequency specified by the crystal manufacturer? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) Provide the crystal with a specified parallel inductance\nB) Provide t&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7H11 - What are the major spectral impurity components of direct digital synthesizers?","id":1433,"title":"E7H11 - What are the major spectral impurity components of direct digital synthesizers?","slug":"e7h11-what-are-the-major-spectral-impurity-components-of-direct-digital-synthesizers","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:19.038Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:19.087Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:19.087Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat are the major spectral impurity components of direct digital synthesizers? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) Broadband noise\nB) Digital conversion noise\nC) Spurious signals at discrete frequencies\nD) Harmonics of the loc&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7H10 - What information is contained in the lookup table of a direct digital synthesizer (DDS)?","id":1432,"title":"E7H10 - What information is contained in the lookup table of a direct digital synthesizer (DDS)?","slug":"e7h10-what-information-is-contained-in-the-lookup-table-of-a-direct-digital-synthesizer-dds","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:18.628Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:18.677Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:18.677Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat information is contained in the lookup table of a direct digital synthesizer (DDS)? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) The phase relationship between a reference oscillator and the output waveform\nB) Amplitude values that&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":2,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7H09 - What type of frequency synthesizer circuit uses a phase accumulator, lookup table, digital-to-analog converter, and a low-pass anti-alias filter?","id":1431,"title":"E7H09 - What type of frequency synthesizer circuit uses a phase accumulator, lookup table, digital-to-analog converter, and a low-pass anti-alias filter?","slug":"e7h09-what-type-of-frequency-synthesizer-circuit-uses-a-phase-accumulator-lookup-table-digital-to-analog-converter-and-a-low-pass-anti-alias-filter","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:18.193Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:18.256Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:18.256Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat type of frequency synthesizer circuit uses a phase accumulator, lookup table, digital-to-analog converter, and a low-pass anti-alias filter? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) A direct digital synthesizer\nB) A hybrid synt&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7H08 - Which of the following components can be used to reduce thermal drift in crystal oscillators?","id":1430,"title":"E7H08 - Which of the following components can be used to reduce thermal drift in crystal oscillators?","slug":"e7h08-which-of-the-following-components-can-be-used-to-reduce-thermal-drift-in-crystal-oscillators","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:17.749Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:17.800Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:54:17.800Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhich of the following components can be used to reduce thermal drift in crystal oscillators? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) NPO capacitors\nB) Toroidal inductors\nC) Wirewound resistors\nD) Non-inductive resistors\n\nCorrect A&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7H07 - How can an oscillator&rsquo;s microphonic responses be reduced?","id":1429,"title":"E7H07 - How can an oscillator's microphonic responses be reduced?","slug":"e7h07-how-can-an-oscillators-microphonic-responses-be-reduced","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:32.062Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:32.113Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:32.113Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nHow can an oscillator’s microphonic responses be reduced? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) Use NPO capacitors\nB) Reduce noise on the oscillator’s power supply\nC) Increase the gain\nD) Mechanically isolate the oscillator circu&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7H06 - Which of these functions can be performed by a phase-locked loop?","id":1428,"title":"E7H06 - Which of these functions can be performed by a phase-locked loop?","slug":"e7h06-which-of-these-functions-can-be-performed-by-a-phase-locked-loop","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:31.641Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:31.699Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:31.699Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhich of these functions can be performed by a phase-locked loop? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) Wide-band AF and RF power amplification\nB) Frequency synthesis and FM demodulation\nC) Photovoltaic conversion and optical cou&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7H05 - How is positive feedback supplied in a Pierce oscillator?","id":1427,"title":"E7H05 - How is positive feedback supplied in a Pierce oscillator?","slug":"e7h05-how-is-positive-feedback-supplied-in-a-pierce-oscillator","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:31.222Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:31.275Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:31.275Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nHow is positive feedback supplied in a Pierce oscillator? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) Through a tapped coil\nB) Through link coupling\nC) Through a neutralizing capacitor\nD) Through a quartz crystal\n\nCorrect Answer: D \n\nE&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7H04 - How is positive feedback supplied in a Colpitts oscillator?","id":1426,"title":"E7H04 - How is positive feedback supplied in a Colpitts oscillator?","slug":"e7h04-how-is-positive-feedback-supplied-in-a-colpitts-oscillator","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:30.810Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:30.865Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:30.865Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nHow is positive feedback supplied in a Colpitts oscillator? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) Through a tapped coil\nB) Through link coupling\nC) Through a capacitive divider\nD) Through a neutralizing capacitor\n\nCorrect Answer:&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7H03 - What is a phase-locked loop?","id":1425,"title":"E7H03 - What is a phase-locked loop?","slug":"e7h03-what-is-a-phase-locked-loop","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:29.170Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:29.222Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:29.222Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat is a phase-locked loop? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) An electronic servo loop consisting of a ratio detector, reactance modulator, and voltage-controlled oscillator\nB) An electronic circuit also known as a monostabl&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7H02 - What is a microphonic?","id":1424,"title":"E7H02 - What is a microphonic?","slug":"e7h02-what-is-a-microphonic","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:28.740Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:28.795Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:28.795Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat is a microphonic? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) An IC used for amplifying microphone signals\nB) Distortion caused by RF pickup on the microphone cable\nC) Changes in oscillator frequency caused by mechanical vibration\n&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7H01 - What are three common oscillator circuits?","id":1423,"title":"E7H01 - What are three common oscillator circuits?","slug":"e7h01-what-are-three-common-oscillator-circuits","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:28.313Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:28.363Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:28.363Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat are three common oscillator circuits? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) Taft, Pierce, and negative feedback\nB) Pierce, Fenner, and Beane\nC) Taft, Hartley, and Pierce\nD) Colpitts, Hartley, and Pierce\n\nCorrect Answer: D \n\nE&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7G12 - What is an operational amplifier?","id":1422,"title":"E7G12 - What is an operational amplifier?","slug":"e7g12-what-is-an-operational-amplifier","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:27.905Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:27.957Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:27.957Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat is an operational amplifier? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) A high-gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier with very high input impedance and very low output impedance\nB) A digital audio amplifier whose characteri&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7G11 - What absolute voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure E7-3 when R1 is 3,300 ohms and RF is 47 kilohms?","id":1421,"title":"E7G11 - What absolute voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure E7-3 when R1 is 3,300 ohms and RF is 47 kilohms?","slug":"e7g11-what-absolute-voltage-gain-can-be-expected-from-the-circuit-in-figure-e7-3-when-r1-is-3-300-ohms-and-rf-is-47-kilohms","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":"https://forum.openhamprep.com/uploads/default/original/1X/3ee24bb7bfac94f54f6c532b9c61fcad35845035.png","created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:27.486Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:27.540Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:27.540Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat absolute voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure E7-3 when R1 is 3,300 ohms and RF is 47 kilohms? \n  \nAnswer Options\n\nA) 28\nB) 14\nC) 7\nD) 0.07\n\nCorrect Answer: B \n\nExplanation\nThe voltage ga&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7G09 - What will be the output voltage of the circuit shown in Figure E7-3 if R1 is 1,000 ohms, RF is 10,000 ohms, and 0.23 volts DC is applied to the input?","id":1420,"title":"E7G09 - What will be the output voltage of the circuit shown in Figure E7-3 if R1 is 1,000 ohms, RF is 10,000 ohms, and 0.23 volts DC is applied to the input?","slug":"e7g09-what-will-be-the-output-voltage-of-the-circuit-shown-in-figure-e7-3-if-r1-is-1-000-ohms-rf-is-10-000-ohms-and-0-23-volts-dc-is-applied-to-the-input","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":"https://forum.openhamprep.com/uploads/default/original/1X/3ee24bb7bfac94f54f6c532b9c61fcad35845035.png","created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:27.046Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:27.095Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:27.095Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat will be the output voltage of the circuit shown in Figure E7-3 if R1 is 1,000 ohms, RF is 10,000 ohms, and 0.23 volts DC is applied to the input? \n  \nAnswer Options\n\nA) 0.23 volts\nB) 2.3 volts\nC) -0.23 volt&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":2,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7G08 - How does the gain of an ideal operational amplifier vary with frequency?","id":1419,"title":"E7G08 - How does the gain of an ideal operational amplifier vary with frequency?","slug":"e7g08-how-does-the-gain-of-an-ideal-operational-amplifier-vary-with-frequency","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:26.623Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:26.686Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:26.686Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nHow does the gain of an ideal operational amplifier vary with frequency? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) It increases linearly with increasing frequency\nB) It decreases linearly with increasing frequency\nC) It decreases log&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7G07 - What voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure E7-3 when R1 is 10 ohms and RF is 470 ohms?","id":1418,"title":"E7G07 - What voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure E7-3 when R1 is 10 ohms and RF is 470 ohms?","slug":"e7g07-what-voltage-gain-can-be-expected-from-the-circuit-in-figure-e7-3-when-r1-is-10-ohms-and-rf-is-470-ohms","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":"https://forum.openhamprep.com/uploads/default/original/1X/3ee24bb7bfac94f54f6c532b9c61fcad35845035.png","created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:26.151Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:26.215Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:26.215Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure E7-3 when R1 is 10 ohms and RF is 470 ohms? \n  \nAnswer Options\n\nA) 0.21\nB) 4700\nC) 47\nD) 24\n\nCorrect Answer: C \n\nExplanation\nFigure E7-3  shows an inv&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":2,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7G06 - What is the gain-bandwidth of an operational amplifier?","id":1417,"title":"E7G06 - What is the gain-bandwidth of an operational amplifier?","slug":"e7g06-what-is-the-gain-bandwidth-of-an-operational-amplifier","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:25.723Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:25.782Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:25.782Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat is the gain-bandwidth of an operational amplifier? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) The maximum frequency for a filter circuit using that type of amplifier\nB) The frequency at which the open-loop gain of the amplifier e&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7G05 - How can unwanted ringing and audio instability be prevented in an op-amp audio filter?","id":1416,"title":"E7G05 - How can unwanted ringing and audio instability be prevented in an op-amp audio filter?","slug":"e7g05-how-can-unwanted-ringing-and-audio-instability-be-prevented-in-an-op-amp-audio-filter","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:25.324Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:25.371Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:25.371Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nHow can unwanted ringing and audio instability be prevented in an op-amp audio filter? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) Restrict both gain and Q\nB) Restrict gain but increase Q\nC) Restrict Q but increase gain\nD) Increase bot&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7G04 - What is meant by the term &ldquo;op-amp input offset voltage&rdquo;?","id":1415,"title":"E7G04 - What is meant by the term \"op-amp input offset voltage\"?","slug":"e7g04-what-is-meant-by-the-term-op-amp-input-offset-voltage","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:24.929Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:24.978Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:24.978Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat is meant by the term “op-amp input offset voltage”? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) The output voltage of the op-amp minus its input voltage\nB) The difference between the output voltage of the op-amp and the input volt&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7G03 - What is the typical input impedance of an op-amp?","id":1414,"title":"E7G03 - What is the typical input impedance of an op-amp?","slug":"e7g03-what-is-the-typical-input-impedance-of-an-op-amp","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:24.468Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:24.525Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:24.525Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat is the typical input impedance of an op-amp? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) 100 ohms\nB) 10,000 ohms\nC) Very low\nD) Very high\n\nCorrect Answer: D \n\nExplanation\nAn operational amplifier (\\text{op-amp}) is a differential &hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7G02 - What is the frequency response of the circuit in E7-3 if a capacitor is added across the feedback resistor?","id":1413,"title":"E7G02 - What is the frequency response of the circuit in E7-3 if a capacitor is added across the feedback resistor?","slug":"e7g02-what-is-the-frequency-response-of-the-circuit-in-e7-3-if-a-capacitor-is-added-across-the-feedback-resistor","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":"https://forum.openhamprep.com/uploads/default/original/1X/3ee24bb7bfac94f54f6c532b9c61fcad35845035.png","created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:24.051Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:24.102Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:24.102Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat is the frequency response of the circuit in E7-3 if a capacitor is added across the feedback resistor? \n  \nAnswer Options\n\nA) High-pass filter\nB) Low-pass filter\nC) Band-pass filter\nD) Notch filter\n\nCorrect&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7G01 - What is the typical output impedance of an op-amp?","id":1412,"title":"E7G01 - What is the typical output impedance of an op-amp?","slug":"e7g01-what-is-the-typical-output-impedance-of-an-op-amp","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:23.580Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:23.649Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:23.649Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhat is the typical output impedance of an op-amp? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) Very low\nB) Very high\nC) 100 ohms\nD) 10,000 ohms\n\nCorrect Answer: A \n\nExplanation\nAn operational amplifier (\\text{op-amp}) is designed to be&hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"E7F14 - Which of the following would allow a digital signal processing filter to create a sharper filter response?","id":1411,"title":"E7F14 - Which of the following would allow a digital signal processing filter to create a sharper filter response?","slug":"e7f14-which-of-the-following-would-allow-a-digital-signal-processing-filter-to-create-a-sharper-filter-response","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:23.126Z","last_posted_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:23.180Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2026-01-02T19:53:23.180Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Question\nWhich of the following would allow a digital signal processing filter to create a sharper filter response? \nAnswer Options\n\nA) Higher data rate\nB) More taps\nC) Lower Q\nD) Double-precision math routines\n\nCorrect &hellip;","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":0,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"system","category_id":9,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":-1,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]}]}}