Question
How does the maximum range of ground-wave propagation change when the signal frequency is increased?
Answer Options
- A) It stays the same
- B) It increases
- C) It decreases
- D) It peaks at roughly 8 MHz
Correct Answer: C
Explanation
Ground-wave propagation is the mode where a radio wave travels directly along or slightly above the Earth’s surface. This mode is the most reliable and primary form of short-to-medium distance communication on the MF (Medium Frequency) and low-HF bands, especially for vertically polarized signals. It relies heavily on the wave maintaining contact with the ground.
As the signal frequency is increased, the wave tends to detach more easily from the Earth’s surface and suffer greater attenuation due to surface losses (especially conductivity and roughness). Consequently, the maximum range of ground-wave propagation decreases significantly as the operating frequency increases. Ground-wave is highly effective on 160 meters but practically non-existent on 10 meters.
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