Question
What will be the output voltage of the circuit shown in Figure E7-3 if R1 is 1,000 ohms, RF is 10,000 ohms, and 0.23 volts DC is applied to the input?
Answer Options
- A) 0.23 volts
- B) 2.3 volts
- C) -0.23 volts
- D) -2.3 volts
Correct Answer: D
Explanation
The circuit in Figure E7-3 is an inverting operational amplifier, which means the output voltage is the input voltage multiplied by the negative of the gain ratio R_F / R_1. The gain (A_V) of the amplifier is first calculated as A_V = -R_F / R_1 = -10,000 \Omega / 1,000 \Omega = -10.
Since the input voltage (V_{IN}) is 0.23 \text{ V}, the output voltage (V_{OUT}) is V_{OUT} = A_V \times V_{IN} = -10 \times 0.23 \text{ V} = \mathbf{-2.3\text{ volts}}. The negative sign indicates that the \text{DC} output voltage has the opposite polarity of the \text{DC} input voltage.
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